Procedures for Pain: Nerve Blocks and Botox for the Otolaryngologist

Otolaryngology involves one of the most densely innervated and neurologically interconnected regions of the body, where pathology in one area may manifest as pain in another. Many patients present with atypical, non-lesional pain syndromes requiring modulation of neural physiology rather than structural intervention. This course reviews the functional anatomy of trigeminal and upper cervical pathways and the diagnostic and therapeutic role of targeted nerve blocks. Techniques for occipital nerve and sphenopalatine ganglion blocks, as well as onabotulinumtoxinA injection sites for headache disorders, are reviewed.